Pakistan has been ranked the most polluted country in the world in 2025, according to a global air quality report, highlighting the growing severity of smog and environmental challenges across the country.
The findings, released by Swiss air monitoring firm IQAir, show that Pakistan recorded PM2.5 pollution levels up to 13 times higher than the safe limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO).
PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter that can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, increasing the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
South Asia Dominates Pollution Rankings
The report found that South Asia remains the most polluted region globally, with countries like Bangladesh and Tajikistan ranking just behind Pakistan.
Notably, all of the world’s top 25 most polluted cities were located in India, Pakistan, and China, underscoring the scale of the crisis in the region.
India’s Loni was identified as the most polluted city globally, followed by China’s Hotan.
Major Pakistani Cities Among Worst Affected
Several major cities in Pakistan continue to experience dangerous air quality levels.
Cities like Karachi, Lahore, and Hyderabad frequently record unhealthy air quality index (AQI) levels, particularly during peak smog seasons.
For example, Karachi recorded AQI levels above 100, categorised as “unhealthy for sensitive groups”, while Lahore has repeatedly ranked among the world’s most polluted cities during the winter months.
Global Air Quality Still Below Safe Levels
The report highlights a broader global issue, with 130 out of 143 countries failing to meet WHO air quality guidelines in 2025.
Only 13 countries managed to maintain safe PM2.5 levels, showing that clean air remains out of reach for most of the world’s population.
Overall, just 14% of cities worldwide met WHO standards, a decline compared to the previous year.
Health Risks and Environmental Concerns
Experts warn that prolonged exposure to high PM2.5 levels can lead to serious health issues, including:
- Lung and heart diseases
- Increased risk of strokes
- Premature deaths
Air pollution is driven by multiple factors in Pakistan, including vehicle emissions, industrial activity, crop burning, and construction dust.
Growing Need for Policy Action
The report underscores the urgent need for stronger environmental policies, better urban planning, and stricter emission controls to address Pakistan’s air quality crisis.
Without significant intervention, pollution levels are likely to remain high, posing long-term risks to public health and economic productivity.